Essay --

Justice is seen as a concept that is balanced between law and morality. The laws that support social uniformity are considered just. Rawls states that justice is the first virtue of social institutions this means that a good fraternity is one structured gibe to principles of justice. The significance of principles of justice is to endure a way of assigning rights and duties in the basic institutions of the society and defining the appropriate distribution of the benefits and burdens of the society. According to Rawls, justice is best understood by a grasp of the principles of justice (Rawls, 1971). The principles are expected to represent the moral basis of political government. These principles indicate that humankind needs liberty and freedom so ample as they do harm others. Rawls states that justice is significant to human development and prosperity. According to Rawls, the challenge of justice is to ensure a just distribution of master(a) goods that include powers and oppor tunities, rights and liberties, means of self-respect, income and wealth among others (Rawls, 2001). Rawls disputes the earlier predominant common source of injustice, the utilitarianism theory, which states that justice is best defined by that which provides the greatest good for the greatest government issue of people. The theory of utilitarianism ignores the moral worth of an individual. This theory does not take into consideration the minority. An example is the mistreatment of the Jews by the Nazi Germans (Rawls, 2001). Rawls states that you cannot reimburse for the sufferings of the distressed by enhancing the joys of the successful. Fairness according to him occurs when the society makes sure that every individual is treated equally before the law and given a c... ...gations that the individuals in the society have towards each other. Rawls indicates that at that place are public institutions that are present in a just and fair society. He considers the following types of systems that include Laissez-faire capitalism, welfare-state capitalism, property-owning democracy and chivalrous democratic socialism. Although he indicates that only property owning, democracy and liberal socialism are the ideal systems that satisfy the principles of justice. With reference to the twentieth century, Rawls says that institutions within the United States society play a major role in causing injustices. For example, the extremely expensive campaign systems alienate every individual who is not very adequate from running for public office. In addition, the expensive health care policy issue restricts the best care to those who can only afford it. (Rawls, 2001).

Polititical scandals :: checking politicians backgrounds

When it comes to the importance of checking state and local politicians, I think it is extremely important to a certain extent. Any job should require round primer check when the job is publicly related. Police officers for instance have an extensive background check if they have suspicion of a current or coming(prenominal) officer. Officers can contact a number of friends, relatives, bosses, etc. of the officer to ask questions, in hopes of catching the individual of guard. I feel that this is somewhat necessary for person that we are supposed to trust to protect and serve our communities. It seems that even though United States soldiers have probably the most patriotic job in the country, although they do not need such a background check because of the demand for soldiers. Besides the demand, I think that it doesnt matter all that much for some jobs. A politician, is someone the state, or communities needs to trust for much larger issues than protecting and serving. Not only d o they have the power to move mountains, topically and nationally, but they hold somewhat of a role model position. These politicians are expected to be the best, most honorable, trust worthy citizens, eligible for such a job. The public sees this, sometimes too much through rhetorical situations, but sees it none the less. A politician is comparable to the president of the United States, professional athletes, and anyone that holds the agnomen of a role model. I feel they should have a very extensive background check, but there is a place to draw the line.Neil Goldschmidt for lesson seemed to be the definition of a stereotypical politician, by that I mean holding all the positive qualities I previously stated. He did a fantastic amount of work for Portland and surrounding areas, and brought about much needed and appreciated commitment. When someone is to pry back into his life to determine if he was a wide person, so to speak, back twenty historic period, I would say that ther e was no need for that. On the other hand if any suspicions happened to surface in the years of his employment, I would definitely feel they should be investigated. Not saying that any human being capable of committing any crime like that, shouldnt be convicted to the fullest extent. Just that spending so much time and money on somebody, could be spent so much better somewhere else.

Social Issues Essay -- Definition of a Social Problem

Poverty, violence, crime and racism are major social problems. If we gestate at the definition of what a social problem is, according to James M. Henslin,A social problem isan aspect of society that people are have-to doe with about and would like changed. Social problems begin with an objective suss out, some aspect of society that can be measured or experienced...The second key ingredient of a social problem is subjective concern, the concern that a significant number of people (or a number of significant people) have about the condition(Social Problems,2003,p.3). Steinberg believes that disengagement has what it takes to not only be a general social problem but says it is as major as the issues I stated in the beginning. Steinberg (1996) states,Although it is less visible, less dramatic, and less commented upon than other social problems involving youth...student disengagement is more pervasive and in some ways potentially more harmful to the succeeding(a) well being of American society(p.28). Steinberg explains how this problem is not just concentrated in one place, his research s...

Amish Business Relations Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Amish Business RelationsThe Amish are a group of people that teach separation from the foreign world. A group that originated from Switzerland is centered in the United States and Canada. Their rules as a society require farming and personal simplicity as their government agency of life. the sumptuousness of having electricity and telephones are not accepted in this odd way of life. Their transportation is reduced to horse and carriages as a way for them to remain simple. These former(a) order Amish traditions are very strictly enforced. Those who break from the Amish usually join the Mennonites, a society with similar rules and values, just less strict.As a way for their society to survive as a culture they have turned to the business of selling the products that these people grow and make. The Amish are fine craftsmen, skilled in everything from building the barns to sewing some of the finest quilts around. In recent years, many Amish have opened small shops to help supplement t heir modest earnings from farming. Skills handed cut out from generation to generation have resulted in the best quality products, a proud Amish tradition.Of course, the Amish did not choose this newly found way of life, they were forced in by greater urbanization and the diminished availability and affordability of farmland. They would rather stay and go into small business than move to a more rural state. one(a) of the most known societies is in the town of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. There is an estimated 1,000...

The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu Essay -- The Heian Period, Japan

Being a student interested in the field of biology, cardinal knows that studying life in the past plays an classical occasion in the history of organisms that lived on this earth. Similarly, being Japanese, studying the past of how Japanese were plays an important role in Japanese history. Despite all the general aspects of life that have changed from the Heian period, the one idea that has definitely not changed is the ro humannesstic relationships between a man and woman. Though the general concept is the same, from reading The Tale of Genji, it is what was considered the ideal woman and ideal man that were both surprising and thus worth discussing. Written virtually 978 by Murasaki Shikibu, The Tale of Genji, regarded as the worlds first novel, is an excellent source describing the ideal woman and man during the Heian period. Life in the Heian period revolve around the court and the social hierarchy that came with it. Thus it is completely understandable that one of the most important characteristics of an ideal man or woman was the mortals ranking. For most women, especially those in the lower ranks, to be able to give birth to a son whose father was of high rank would up her own status. Note however, though that she did not need to marry the father, and this was indeed the case for many women. The main reason for this is because men, especially those with high ranks like Genji and T no Chuj had affairs with many women regardless to who they themselves were married. Genji and T no Chuj both knew that because of their high rank, they could for the most part, get any woman they wished. Yet, it is because of this that in The Tale of Genji, they could truly seriously consider various characteristics that they feel represente... ...whereas the ideal man would be one of high rank, faithful and had a tenderness and eloquence. The main trait discussed that would distillery apply personally as an ideal man and woman though would be one who was f aithful. Though appearance is still a factor, what is considered beautiful has changed and a social hierarchy in the United States does not exist today. All in all, a relationship between a man and woman is an important aspect of anyones life, regardless of the place in history, and studying these aspects from a great novel like The Tale of Genji, plays a vital role in understanding Japanese culture. Works CitedShikibu, Murasaki. The Tale of Genji. NY, NY Penguin Classics, 2001. 319. Print.Smits, Gregory. The Heian Period Aristocrats. East Asian History. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb 2011. .

The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu Essay -- The Heian Period, Japan

Being a student interested in the field of biology, one knows that studying life in the past plays an authorized role in the history of organisms that lived on this earth. Similarly, being Japanese, studying the past of how Japanese were plays an important role in Japanese history. Despite all the familiar aspects of life that have changed from the Heian period, the one idea that has definitely non changed is the ro human beingstic relationships between a man and woman. Though the general concept is the same, from reading The recital of Genji, it is what was considered the high-minded woman and ideal man that were both surprising and thus worth discussing. Written around 978 by Murasaki Shikibu, The Tale of Genji, regarded as the worlds first novel, is an excellent source describing the ideal woman and man during the Heian period. Life in the Heian period revolved around the court and the social hierarchy that came with it. therefrom it is completely understandable that one of the most important characteristics of an ideal man or woman was the persons ranking. For most women, especially those in the take down ranks, to be able to give birth to a son whose father was of high rank would up her own status. Note however, though that she did not gather up to marry the father, and this was indeed the case for many women. The main reason for this is because men, especially those with high ranks like Genji and T no Chuj had affairs with many women regardless to who they themselves were married. Genji and T no Chuj both knew that because of their high rank, they could for the most part, get any woman they wished. Yet, it is because of this that in The Tale of Genji, they could actually seriously consider various characteristics that they feel represente... ...whereas the ideal man would be one of high rank, faithful and had a tenderness and eloquence. The main trait discussed that would still apply personally as an ideal man and woman though would b e one who was faithful. Though appearance is still a factor, what is considered beautiful has changed and a social hierarchy in the United States does not exist today. All in all, a relationship between a man and woman is an important aspect of anyones life, regardless of the place in history, and studying these aspects from a great novel like The Tale of Genji, plays a vital role in understanding Japanese culture. Works CitedShikibu, Murasaki. The Tale of Genji. NY, NY Penguin Classics, 2001. 319. Print.Smits, Gregory. The Heian catch Aristocrats. East Asian History. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb 2011. .

Importance of Initial Consultation and Ethical Issues Facing the Therapist

IntroductionThis paper discusses why the sign address is so essential and what factors an good healer will dog in this aspect of the therapy process. It also tackles the ethical furnishs besetting a therapist in the manoeuver of his profession dealing with psycho redress counseling and hypn differentapy and counseling skills. The subprogram of a therapist in the behaviour alteration of his or her lymph gland is so vital that it is necessary to observe some ethical considerations in the practice of his profession. greatness of sign extensionAn initial consultation is the first of the stages of mental hygiene and generally includes a discussion of the reasons as to why the client is pursuit psychotherapy dish out and what he is hoping to obtain from the experience. Why it is important is beca white plague it provides an opportunity to find out whether the needs, interests, and goals of the client fit with the skills of the therapist. This stage also provides the initial clarification about the limits of confidentiality, therapeutic approach, and other terms of professional services. Moreover, the initial consultation helps both the client and the therapist to gauge whether each is likely to be able to work with the other successfully (Plante, 2011). The importance of initial consultation is also found in making a formal determination of the clients fit for a psychotherapeutic relationship and potential for meaningful change (Klonoff, 2010). Whilst sure consent is shown as important in the therapy process, with a clear description of the limits of confidentiality, full informed consent to sermon has been mandated by ethical guidelines. If for example, a client approaches a therapist for initial consultation, informed consent to treatment whitethorn involve entropy on behavioural therapies demonstrating effectiveness and rapid changes in the treatment of the behavioral problem that the client is complaining about (e.g. panic) (Weiner and Hess, 20 06).Further, initial consultation is important because it is where a range of finishs are in terms of whether to schedule a second session. For example, the client may evaluate whether it is adequate to have his or her needs be met by working with the therapist, as advantageously as whether the practical terms of the therapy are acceptable to the client. In addition, considering the culture thus provided during the consultation session, the therapist may ascertain whether he or she possesses the needed expertise to work effectively and successfully with the client (Klonoff, 2010).Another importance of initial consultation is that it allows initiating a collaborative relationship between the client and the therapist and evaluating initial consultation efforts. If the therapist happens to assess a need for consultation services, hence the entry stage would then initiate a consulting relationship. The value of initial consultation is seen in the establishment of a voluntary and co llaborative consulting relationship between the counselor and the client. Different role expectations can lead to resi perspective on the part of the client, which thus necessitates a vital importance of agreement relating to role expectations to reduce such potential resistance. An initial step in evaluating a clients condition is establishing an accurate diagnosis, which is done during the initial consultation (Boylan et al., 2011).Much as the above are important for conducting an initial consultation, it is also because such consultation may potentially lead the client not to continue further services. The client may come to a decision that the therapist, for some reason, cannot adequately meet his or her needs. For example, he or she may find the therapist as being too direct, aloof, expensive, inexperienced, young, old, etc., and thus may conclude that the therapists qualities are not fit to his or her needs. The client may also feel better after the initial consultation and ma y no longer feel compelled to continue further sessions. Similarly, the therapist may decline from providing continued services for a variety of reasons, such as the clients revelation of an alcohol problem, about which the therapist might decide to refer him or her instead to a specialist in the treatment of problems relating to substance abuse (Plante, 2011).Alternatively, there are times that patients are referred by their physician right after discharge from an inpatient rehabilitation setting. Of note, the one seeking therapy for the patient is in fact not the patient himself but the patients family. Perceptive health care professionals are the ones who usually recognise a need for psychotherapy by the patient, with an emphasis on coping, psychoeducation, and deficit adjustment. Therefore, it essential not always be assumed that it is the client who is motivated to seek psychotherapy (Klonoff, 2010). In cases of patients being considered for psychotherapy, a physicians referra l is needed, in which relevant medical records must be acquired to determine whether the patient is appropriate for therapy as well as whether he or she anticipates potential psychotherapeutic needs and challenges. It is during the initial consultation in which records are presented after being obtained and reviewed in advance in order for the therapist to thoroughly understand what the client has gone through or is going through (Klonoff, 2010).Therefore, without the initial consultation, psychotherapeutic intervention might not be sufficient and effective enough.Ethical issues faced by therapistsThe psychotherapist is guided by ethical standards and codes that provide professional standards aimed at guiding their ethical conduct (Kohlenberg and Tsai, 2007). One ethical issue faced by a therapist in terms of initial consultation is whether to provide the consultation dislodge of charge to the client, as some clients who have taken up this offer tended to decide to continue in coun seling because of being obliged to do so. This would impress a concern whether the therapist has violated any portion of the code of ethics (Welfel, 2013). There are some who do not charge for initial consultations, and it is important that the client is informed whether the therapist does or does not charge for the first session (Wheeler, 2014). A potential problem may ensue with the use of a free initial consultation. This is because clients may feel committed after the initial consultation and may have difficulty declining further treatment because the initial consultation was free of charge. Some might til now regard this practice as taking advantage of clients and may perhaps be seen as exuberant influence mentioned in the code of ethics (Welfel, 2013).Another ethical issue that may ensue during initial consultation is sexual attraction between the client and the therapist, which is identified as a term ethical issue (Houser et al., 2006). The client may have emotional or sex-related problems that he/she initially presents to the therapist, which the therapist must approach objectively. Albeit discussion of these feelings can foster therapeutic progress, it is still unethical and counter-therapeutic to act on them. Even when it may seem sound to become sexual with a client with sexual problems as an intervention, engaging in such unethical activity is definitely against established ethical standards and codes. Rather, the best intervention that the therapist may adopt for his/her client with sexual problems is sex therapy with the client and a significant other.The several malpractice suits filed against therapists relating to sexual relationships with their client only confirm the unethical and counter-therapeutic stance of sexual relationship between the therapist and client (Kohlenberg and Tsai, 2007). Even at the onset of the initial consultation, sexual attraction may already spark, which the therapist, being the much responsible person, must put a wall against.Emotional tyranny is also a common ethical issue that may occur even during an initial consultation. It is a term describing abuse of causation by psychotherapists to the disadvantage of their clients, caused by the power imbalance between them. For example, during the initial consultation, the therapists power is seen in how he establishes the therapy session, how long the session should last, how often he and the client should meet, how much the session costs, and what the permissible and impermissible behaviour must be inwardly the session (Kohlenberg and Tsai, 2007). The realm of ethical decision-making involves the aspects of ethical dilemma, the client and the therapists values, race, gender, person-to-person history, etc. local and national laws professional knowledge and codes of ethics (Houser et al., 2006).The therapist may also face violations relating to dual relationships. Such relationships are nonsexual that may involve counseling a friend, rel ative, or neighbour, as well as receiving referrals from people who know the client and the counseling process. An ethical dilemma of dual relationships may potentially occur when the therapist has several roles with a client in that apart from being a client, the person is also a friend, a neighbor, a relative, etc. to the therapist. It has been suggested that accepting referrals from existing clients may constitute a boundary violation (Houser et al., 2006). Indeed, even at the initial consultation, the therapist is already face-to-face with the issue of whether to continue with the professional relationship, or terminate it right away upon eyesight his or her friend across the table as a client seeking therapy.Self-disclosure is another ethical issue besetting the therapist. Even during the initial consultation, the issue of self-disclosure may occur. Relating to this issue, it is important to determine the extent of information a therapist should share with the client and the t ypes of self-disclosure to be made as well. Another example of ethical issue involving boundary is socialising with a client outside the counseling session and negotiating for fees (Houser et al., 2006).One possible ethical dilemma facing the therapist during is confidentiality, which deals with maintaining privacy and non-disclosure of information to others outside the counseling relationship, unless the client expresses consent to do so (Jenkins, 2007 Houser et al., 2006). Whenever the client enters the counseling room for the first time, he or she already expects that anything being discussed with the therapist would be kept confidential. It has been found that violations of confidentiality were a common complaint made against therapists and counselors. The client, even in the initial consultation, already begins disclosing some personal matters to the therapist, which the therapist is evaluate to keep confidential as his legal duty. Of important note however is the fact that c onfidentiality is not absolute and that there are times in which the therapist may divulge certain information a necessary (Corey, 2013 Houser et al., 2006). Examples of these are those surrounding harm that may involve the client who is contemplating about suicide or is expressing thoughts about inflicting harm to others court-involved clients child abuse reports and clients with medical conditions who express engaging in precarious acts relating to their condition (e.g. HIV) (Houser et al., 2006).Further, it was found that successful outcomes ensue when clients change their personal values and take a close resemblance of that of the therapist/counselor. A relevant ethical dilemma with regard to this is in order for the counseling to be successful, how similar the clients values must be to the counselor. Moreover, another dilemma is whether fostering such similarity is ethical and helpful enough to the client. A question for the profession is whether therapists utilise moral and e thical frameworks reflecting societys norms as the only basis of their ethical decision-making, or whether therapists come to an ethical decision whilst taking into account the values, morality, and ethical stances of their diverse client population (ODonohue and Fisher, 2009 Houser et al., 2006). These issues are being dealt with even upon an initial consultation.ConclusionThis paper dealt with the importance of initial consultation and the ethical issues facing the therapist in the performance of his profession. An initial consultation is important because it forms the basis of the clients diagnosis. It generally covers finding out the reasons as to why the client seeks help and what he or she aims to obtain as a result of the psychotherapy experience.The ethical issues faced by the therapist in the conduct of his profession during the initial consultation are those involving a decision to charge the client for a specific fee or not for the initial consultation potential sexual at traction between them the issue of confidentiality and client consent emotional tyranny violations relating to dual relationships and self-disclosure. Having laid down these ethical factors besetting a therapist, the conclusion being arrived at is that the therapist is bound by set standards and ethical codes through which the expected functions of his performance must be based, and that he/she should conduct the initial consultation and further sessions objectively.ReferencesBoylan, J. C., Malley, P. B/, and Reilly, E. P. (2011) Practicum Internship Textbook and Resource Guide for Counseling and mental hygiene. Third Edition. NY Brunner-Routledge.Corey, G. (2013) conjecture and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy. Ninth Edition. Mason, OH Cengage Learning.Houser, R., Wilczenski, F. L., and Ham, M. (2006) Culturally relevant Ethical Decision-Making in Counseling. London Sage Publications, Inc.Jenkins, P. (2007) Counseling, Psychotherapy and the Law. London Sage Publications, Inc.Klonoff, P. S. (2010) Psychotherapy After Brain Injury Principles and Techniques. NY The Guilford Press.Kohlenberg, R. J. and Tsai, M. (2007) Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Creating penetrative and Curative Therapeutic Relationships. NY Springer.ODonohue, W. T. and Fisher, J. E. (2009) General Principles and Empirically Supported Techniques of Cognitive demeanour Therapy. NJ John Wiley & Sons.Plante, T. G. (2011) Contemporary Clinical Psychology. NJ John Wiley & Sons.Weiner, I. B. and Hess, A. K. (2006) The enchiridion of Forensic Psychology. NJ John Wiley & Sons.Welfel, E. (2013) Ethics in Counseling and Psychotherapy. Mason, OH Cengage Learning.Wheeler, K. (2014) Psychotherapy for the go Practice Psychiatric Nurse A How-to Guide for Evidence-Based Practice. NY Springer publish Company, LLC. Bibliography Boylan, J. C., Malley, P. B/, and Reilly, E. P. (2011) Practicum Internship Textbook and Resource Guide for Counseling and Psychotherapy. Third Edition. NY Brunner-Rou tledge.Clarkson, P. (2005) Transactional Analysis Psychotherapy An Integrated Approach. NY Routledge.Cooper, J. and Alfille, H. (2011) A Guide to Assessment for Psychoanalytic Psychotherapists. London Karnac Books Ltd.Corey, G. (2013) Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy. Ninth Edition. Mason, OH Cengage Learning.Forrest, G. G. (2010) Self-disclosure in Psychotherapy and Recovery. Plymouth Jason Aronson.Houser, R., Wilczenski, F. L., and Ham, M. (2006) Culturally Relevant Ethical Decision-Making in Counseling. London Sage Publications, Inc.Jenkins, P. (2007) Counseling, Psychotherapy and the Law. London Sage Publications, Inc.Klonoff, P. S. (2010) Psychotherapy After Brain Injury Principles and Techniques. NY The Guilford Press.Kohlenberg, R. J. and Tsai, M. (2007) Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Creating Intense and Curative Therapeutic Relationships. NY Springer.ODonohue, W. T. and Fisher, J. E. (2009) General Principles and Empirically Supported Techniques of Cog nitive Behavior Therapy. NJ John Wiley & Sons.Plante, T. G. (2011) Contemporary Clinical Psychology. NJ John Wiley & Sons.Weiner, I. B. and Hess, A. K. (2006) The Handbook of Forensic Psychology. NJ John Wiley & Sons.Welfel, E. (2013) Ethics in Counseling and Psychotherapy. Mason, OH Cengage Learning.Wheeler, K. (2014) Psychotherapy for the Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurse A How-to Guide for Evidence-Based Practice. NY Springer Publishing Company, LLC.

‘Deadly Unna?’ By Phillip Gwynne Essay

Deadly Unna? was the first original of the famous Australian author, Phillip Gwynne, published in 1998. The fascinating drama wise expresses the inter-racial friendly relationship between deuce teenage boys, Gary Blacky Black and Dumby Red. The record book focuses on many complications the adolescence face, for example racial discrimination, favouritism, affinitys, families, exclusion and more.Deadly Unna? is set in the Port and Peninsula of South Australia, the Goonyas (white Australians) are based in the Port and the Nungas (the Aboriginals) are located on the Peninsula. The reason for this separation is to emphasise the racial tension between the white Australians and the Aboriginals that the author is trying to present.The story is told from the perspective of the main character, Blacky. As the story is being told by a white Australian you would be led to believe that it is going to be a actually biased story but in this case it is quite the opposite situation. Gary Black is one of the few, if non the only, characters from the Port that truly understands the similarity that the two races accomplish which enables the readr to see Aboriginals in a different light from the generalised/sterotypical image common in Australia.Gary Blacky Black is the major character in this novel, as the arse of the book revolves around him and his experiences and complications he faces in his youthful life. Blacky is more academic then he is sport orientated, though saying this he does play football. Blacky has a rather large family consisting of eight children, a stay-at-home mother and a hindering father. Blacky gets along with his siblings though they do have the occasional conflict, he is sublime of his mother but unfortunately has a weak relationship with his father because of a previous controversy.Though Dumby Red did not physically appear real often throughout the book,one particular incident involving Dumby Red arose great racial contention. Dumby Red was a very enthusiastic, optimistic and extremely self-assertive character. He was responsible for Blackys change of mind towards the Aboriginals, he was the one the made Blacky see the Aboriginals for who they really are, not who they are said to be.Pickles is Blackys best friend, he in highly intolerable with his disgusting habits and his lack of general hygiene and know one will ever know why Blackys relationship with him is so strong. Arks is Blackys over enthusiastic and encouraging football coach, he was a great influence on Blackys football performance in the grand final. Clarence is Dumby Reds sister, at one point in the novel Blacky was rather fond of her though he was warned by Darcy that he must be careful who he associates himself with. Darcy is Blackys next door neighbour, the elderly man is very king to young Blacky and is always full of good advice, Blacky enjoys spending conviction with him and hearing about his fascinating life.The book is separated into two sections, w inter and summer. Winter being the football season and summer the off season. The beginning of the novel focuses on football and Blackys attempt to be the hero of his team. It briefly touches on relationship and racial difficulties though the real complications reach their climax towards summer. horrendous crimes occur making the plot very interesting, people are being blamed, hearts are being broken and choices are having to be made.The Ports football team make the grand final, disaster occurs on a boat, family relationships are tested, there is dispute at the football awards, the death of a swell loved character provokes outrage throughout the community, legitimate friendship is being questioned and Blacky follows his heart to do what is right.The purpose/aim of Deadly Unna? is to highlight the seriousness of racism that takes place in the country we live in, as well as focusing on many concerns that adolescences face today. This is very effective as the book is intended for yo ung adults meaning they are able to relate and compare theirlives to the ones created in the book.The use of Australian slang (for example youse, ya and gday) in the novel was also very powerful as it strengthened the realism of the characters. Many people nowadays do speak with slang and it is the stereotypical way the true Australians communicate.A definite strength of the book is that it is written in first person, the use of Blackys thoughts and feelings throughout allows insight into the life he lives during the dramas that occur. The fact that Blacky was not bias in his feeling towards the Aborigines also assisted in allowing the reader to understand both sides of the racial conflict.The only minor weaknesses in the novel were the friendship between Blacky and Dumby Red. Though is does discus how good of mates they were, it did not go into great detail of the complexities they face because of their inter-racial relationship. The other flaw in the novel was the cheapjack blurb, the blurb deceives the reader to think that the story line will be revolved around Blacky and Dumby Red facing the community whereas it focus on the untold broader community facing the truth about the Aborigines.Overall the book was thoroughly enjoyable and should be recommended to other teenagers. The humour the novel possesses mixed in with the base theme of racism made the book a worthwhile read. As James Bryce, a diplomat, historian and politician, said The worth of the book is measured by what you can carry away from it.

Han vs Roman Attitudes Toward Tech

Kimberly Giron AP World history September 27, 2012 World History DBQ Han society had imperative military position towards technology as some saw it as beneficial to society and others considered it a gift. Roman society had more of a supportive neertheless humbling attitude towards technology. There is no doubt that things that benefit people and gift are considered positive. A Han regime official (Document 1) wrote to local officials in found to advise them on how to use their technology to prevent floods, showing his interests in maintaining the empire so that it doesnt fall.Not barely that, Han Guan, another(prenominal) government official (Document 2) goes against the way the government is monopolizing the making of technology and that technology should be made by the people, since government made technologies are brittle and costing the government more money as not much coarseness is being produced. It is very enkindle that an official would speak against the governmen t, but it may be due to the fact that the scarcity of salt is costing this official money.Both officials may withal be feeling to maintain their positions or get higher ones once the emperor sees how well they are looking after the empire, which can only be maintained with the help of technology. Others in Han society consider technology as a gift from enlightened leaders. Huan Tan, an u philosopher (document 3) mentions that Fuxi invented some technology which was efficient and beneficial to society. Fuxi, is said to be a wise enlightened emperor which means that since Fuxi made it, it is no doubt a great gift.There is also some government sponsored history (Document 4) which characterizes Tu Shih as a just and commoner loving man who developed technology in mark lift some of the burden of labor off the people. Technology was Tu Shihs gift to the people and Tu Shih, was considered a Fuxi. Therefore this government sponsored historian also considers technology a gift. Roman atti tude towards technology was that is was necessary but that it didnt take much intelligence to make such technology, or in other words, a demeaning attitude.Cicero, an upper-class politician leader (Document 5), considered technology as something for vulgar common folk,not gentlemen. He believed that skill wasnt required to use such thing but, he never mentioned that technology was useless. Seneca, a philosopher and adviser (Document 7) also believed that it doesnt take brains to come up with technology but never attacks its use in society as he sees that it doesnt matter who made it, but its use that matters.Their attitude must be influenced by the fact that technology was made by the spurn class and acknowledging lower class work would mean lowering their pride. Other Roman attitudes were that technology was needed to create beauty. Frontius, a Roman general (Document 8) gives a glowing announce on how beautiful technology has been able to make the empires aqueducts, far more sup erior than structures in Greece and Egypt. Plutarch, a high official in Rome (Document 6) gives another positive report on the beauty of Roman roads created by Gaius Gracchus which was built with the help of their technology.Therefore, technology is practical, is essential for making things beautiful, but looked down upon as it is used by the lower class. Despite the different societies, it is clear that in each empire government officials and upper-class philosophers tend to share attitudes towards technology. It would be interesting to see the attitudes of common workers and women towards technology as they are the ones who make more use of it.Workers may be most affected by technology as they are the ones whom upper-class Romans consider to be the vulgar people who work with it and brainless people who invent it. In Han societies they would be the ones who produce the salt and also need the protection given by technology. The opinions of women would also provide information on ho w women were involved in technology and how it affected gender roles. The documents above only provide a view for one class in each society therefore not giving a clear overall attitude on technology in each society.

Human Rights Act 1998 Essay

The HRA 1998 provides powerful protection for individuals in m whatever aspects of their lives. * To what extent is this statement true? Illustrate your answer by reference to areas of truth with which you are familiar.Before 1998, the get together Kingdom did not have a piece of document that specified the basic proper(a)s of the English people. However, in the year 1950, the United Kingdom Government signed the European company on Human Rights, to protect peoples rights from abuses seen under Hitlers rule, following the Universal resolve on Human Rights made by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1948. Even so, the European Convention on Human Rights had not sancti peerlessd and incorporated itself into law until 1998 when Parliament enacted the Human Rights Act.The Human Rights Act 1998 states that when judges are deciding shells in which a question about a Convention right has been brought forward, the court must take into account any judgment, decision, declarati on or advisory opinion of the European motor inn of Human Rights. This means that instead of a conflicting decision by the United Kingdom court, the court must follow decisions of the European salute of Human Rights.An example of this was seen in the case of Re Medicaments (No 2), Director General of Fair Trading v Proprietary Association of Great Britain (2001). The Court of Appeal had refused to follow the decision of the Supreme Court in the earlier case of R v Gough on grounds that it was slightly different to decisions of the European Court of Human Rights.Some Convention rights involve the right to life and liberty. phrase 2 of the Convention states that the law shall protect everyones right to life. It also recognizes that Member States have the right to impose the oddment penalty to those convicted of particular crimes. Article 3, on the other hand, states that no one shall be tortured or suffer inhumane or degrading preaching or punishment. Moreover, Article 4 announ ces that slavery is not allowed.Other examples include Article 5, which sets out that everyone has the right to liberty and that no one shall be deprive of it, except where the law allows arrest. In its subsection, the article provides that everyone who is deprived of his liberty by arrest or detention shall be entitled to take proceedings by which the lawfulness of his detention shall be speedily decided by a court.The Convention rights that cover a persons right to a fair trial are Article 6 and Article 7. The former states that people have the right to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time, for both civil and criminal cases. A case that conflicted this Article was the Sander v United Kingdom (2000) case whereby the European Court of Human Rights ruled that a defendant had not a fair trial because a juror was making racist remarks. Article 7, however, states that no one shall be found guilty of a criminal offence if his act was not a crime at the time it was committ ed. This means that the law whitethorn be changed to make acts of the type prohibited criminal offences in future. Nevertheless, it cannot look back to acts that have already been committed and declare them criminal offences.On rights to privacy, Article 8 states that every person has a right to respect his private and family life, his home and his correspondence. Articles 9, 10, 11, 12 and 14, alternatively, provide rights to other libertys. For example, Article 9 states that everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. Article 10 states that everyone has the right to freedom of expression in the form of words. Article 11 states that people have the right to freedom of imperturbable assembly and the freedom to associate with others. Article 12 states that everyone has the right to marry, whereas Article 14 states that all rights and freedom should exist without any discrimination on any ground. The archetypes would be sex, race, colour, language, religi on, political or other opinion, national or social origin, national minority, property, birth or status.However, despite the fact that courts have to read statute law and give it effect in a way which is synchronized with the rights in the European Convention of Human Rights, the Human Rights Act 1998 recognizes that some legislation may be worded in a way that makes it impossible to give effect to the Convention. In such a case, the court has to apply the legislation as it stands nevertheless may make a declaration of its incompatibility with the Convention.This was the case in H v Mental Health Review Tribunal (2001) in which it concerned the fact that the burden of proof was on a patient applying for release instead of being on State to justify the continuing the detention of a patient. It was a breach of Article 5 because it involved the liberty of a person. However, the domestic law was incompatible with the Convention. Therefore, the court could not give it effect. It could only declare its incompatibility.Usually, after a declaration of incompatibility is done, the Government will change the law. However, it is unnecessary for the Government to do so. In actuality, if Parliament wishes, it can pass novel legislation which conflicts the Convention. This is done by replacing the incompatible Act with a new Act of Parliament. If only a small part is incompatible, a sanative order may be done. This order acts as a statutory instrument, which amends the incompatible provision in order to comply with Convention rights. much(prenominal) an example would be in the case of A and another v Secretary of State for the Home Department (2004) The Supreme Court had declared that the Anti-Terrorism, hatred and Security Act 2001 was incompatible with the Convention. The Act allowed foreign nationals to be detained without trial indefinitely, where there was suspicion of their involvement in terrorist activity. The Court held that this breached both Article 5, which states the right to liberty, and Article 14, which states that there should be no discrimination on basis of nationality. This forced the Government to change the law and release the detained foreigners, however on fixed conditions.The reality of this is that while the Human Rights Act 1998 does indeed protect individuals, its power is fickle and can be overridden at any time. For example, for the Bill of Rights to be entrenched, a requirement of 75% or three quarters majority is needed. However, in the case of the Human Rights Act 1998, only a simple majority of 51 votes is required for the law to be amended or abolished.

Apa Reference Examples

Reference Allgood, S. , Bosshardt, W. , Van Der Klaauw, W. , Watts, M. (2011). Economics coursework and long-term manner and experiences of college graduates in labor markets and personal finance. Economic Inquiry, 49(3), 771-794. Atkinson, B. , Heath, A. , & Chenail, R. (1991). Qualitative research and the legitimization of knowledge. diary of Marital and Family Therapy, 17(2), 175-18. Battistelli, A. , Galletta, M. , Portoghese, I. (2012). Mindsets of commitment and pauperism interrelationships and contribution to work outcomes. The journal of Psychology, 147(1), 17-48.Benjamin, B. OReilly, C. (2011). Becoming a Leader Early career challenges faced by MBA graduates. academy of management learning & education, 10(3), 452-472. Brewer, K. L. , Brewer, P. D. (2012). Influencing variables and perceptions regarding MBA degree programs. Academy of Educational Leadership journal, 16(4), 27-38. Brown, D. J. , Cober, R. T. , Kane, K. , Levy, P. E. , Shalhoop,J. (2006). Proactive personal ity and the successful job search A field investigation with college graduates. diary of Applied Psychology, 91(3), 717-726. Brown, S. D. , Fischer, A. , Nord, D. Solberg, V. S. (1995). Career Decision-Making and career Search Activities Relative effects of career search self-efficacy and human agency. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42(4), 448-455. Bruce, G. (2010). Exploring the value of MBA degrees Students experiences in full- time, part-time, and executive MBA programs. Journal of Education for Business, 85, 38-44. Corner, J. (1991). In search of more complete answers to research questions Quantitative versus qualitative research methods is there a way forward? Journal of Research, 16, 3, 718-727. Crant, J. M. (2000).Proactive behavior in Organizational. Journal of Management, 26, 435-462. Crede, M. , & Kuncel, N. (2008). Study habits, skills, and attitudes The third pillar supporting collegiate academic performance. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 425-453. de Leeu w, E. D. (2008). Choosing the method of data collection. In E. D. de Leeuw, J. J. Hox, & D. A. Dillman (Eds. ), International handbook of survey methodology (pp. 113-135). Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum. Duffy , M. E. (1985). Designing research the qualitative quantitative debate. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 11, 3, 225-232.Eisner, S. (2010). Grave new world? Workplace skills for todays college graduates. American Journal of Business Education, 24-27. Fink, A (2009). How to conduct Survey a step by step guide. Thousand Oaks, California SAGE. Griffin, R. , MacKewn, A. , Moser, E. , Van Vuren, K. W. (2012). Learning skills and motivation correlates to superior academic performance. Business Education & Accreditation 5(1). Howard, C. M. , Schnusenberg, O. (2012). Student preparation and personality traits in the job market. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 16, 35-53. Kardam, B. L. & Rangnekar, S. (2012). Job satisfaction probe the role of experience & education. Journal of Art s, Science & Commerce, 4(1), 16-22. Khan, N. S. , Riaz, A. , Rashid, M. (2011). The impact of work content, working conditions, career growth on employee motivation. Interdisciplinary Journal of contemporary research in business, 3(3), 1428-1434. Meila, K. M. (1982). Qualitative methodology. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 7, 4, 327-335. Meyer, J. P. , Becker, T. E. , & Vandenberghe, C. (2004). Employee commitment and motivation A conceptual analysis and integrative model.Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 991-1007. Putman, D. B. (2002). Job satisfaction and performance viewed from a 2 dimensional model, The Journal of Defense Software Engineering, 26-28. Ridgell, S. , & Lounsbury, J. (2004). Predicting academic success general intelligence, Big Five personality traits, and work drive. College Student Journal, 38(4), 607-618. Rowden, R. W. (2002). The relationship between body of work learning and job satisfaction in US small midsize businesses, Human Resource Development Quarterly, 13(4), 407-25. Swaminathan, S. , Jawahar, P.D. (2013). Job satisfaction as a predictor of organisational citizenship behavior An empirical study. Global Journal of Business Research, 7(1) 71-80. Tantiverdi, H. (2008). Workers job satisfaction and organisational commitment Mediator variable relationship of organizational commitment factors, The Journal of American Academy of Business, 14. Tanyel, F. , Mitchell, M. A. , & McAlum, H. G. (1999). The skill set for success of new business school graduates Do prospective employers and university faculty agree? Journal of Education for business, 35.

The Brandenburg Gate Speech

Speakers Relationship with the Audience The Brandenburg opening Speech Ronald Reagan, the former president of the unify States from 1981 to 1989, intercommunicate in the Brandenburg Gate. Ronald Reagan gave his famous Tear Down this protect speech in Berlin. Many pile in Ger objet darty were ready for freedom and others wanted it as well. Many commonwealth felt there should be peace within the city. Ronald Reagan wanted to persuade the Soviets and Communists that change and openness was a great thing. Ronald Reagans speech was a behavior of challenge to Gorbachev, to tear it down as a symbol for increasing freedom. We welcome change and openness for we believe that freedom and security go together, that the offer of human liberty can only strengthen the cause of world peace.President Ronal Reagan speech tried to persuade German community to believe that the unification of Berlin was possible, he achieved this by the use of one main rhetorical tool the verbalizers relations hip to the reference. This tool utilize German quotes, the identification of shared ideas, the nonsuch of cultural qualities, the distinction of semi semipolitical group, and the classification of groups into a political stream to persuade.Historical Background The Brandenburg Gate The Brandenburg Gate, was built in 1791. It stands as Berlins arch of triumph. From 1961 to 1989 the Berlin Wall blocked the Brandenburg Gate. The wall divided Germany into two zones of ideological contention and political distrust during a time known as the Cold Was. The United States and its assort administrated due west Germany East Germany was under the control of the USSR. West Berlin was administrated by a group of allies, but was closely aligned with West Germany, which had its own government. Easter and westward Germans were denied access through the doorway.On the twenty-second of December 1989 after 28 years of division. East and West Berlin were reunified and the gate was reopened. Two years before the Gate was reopened, Ronald Reagan spoke in front of the Brandenburg Gate. In his speech he tried to persuade the German people to believe that the unification of Berlin was possible. He used the wall as a metaphor in describing heaviness. Speakers relationship with audience through German quotes Ronald Reagan was able to build a relationship with the audience, German people, through the use of German quotes.At the beginning of his speech he communicated how he felt welcomed in Berlin and how there was a connection between him and the place. He said, You see, like so many Presidents before me, I come here today because wherever I go, whatever I do I hitherto have a suitcase in Berlin. Comment that he said the phrase in German alsoThe connection between the place and feelings make possible that the German audience felt that there was a relationship between them and the speaker.It made feel the audience that he could understand for what they were going through at tha t time. President Ronal Reagan made them feel important showing them by I still have a suitcase in Berlin that he was going to help them to overcome that oppression by tearing down the wall. hes not going to Moreover, the mention of an important political position like being the president of the United States, demonstrated authority showing them that even though he was in a place where he was a opposeder in Berlin, he still could help them.The immenseness of Berlin as a place that had politically disputes, and later on, the attribution of some qualities to this place by a foreign actor gave importance to Berlin and encouraged empathy toward German people. Speakers relationship with the audience through the identification of shared ideas Having a feeling of unity and understanding, Ronald Reagan moved into a political idea that was well supported by German people given the previous feelings of agreement.He used his speaker relationship with the audience to propose the concept of a unified Berlin, and then he highlighted this idea in German words Our gathering today is being broadcast through disclose Western Europe and atomic number 7 America. Though the command, Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall, was to become the rally cry of western civilization, the wall actually had little to do with President Reagans purpose. The President was there to grocery store the American way of life.He may have put his vocal emphasis on this now famous demand, but it was the more subtle enticements that President Reagan held out to the unseen listeners, trapped behind that wall, that were the catalysts for its destruction. President Reagan says Today in West Berlin there is the greatest industrial output of any city in Germany lodge in office blocks, fine homes and apartments, proud avenues, and the spreading lawns of parkland. Where a citys culture seemed to have been destroyed, today there are two great universities, orchestras and an opera, countless theaters, and museums .Where there was want, today theres abundance-food, clothing, automobiles-the wonderful goods of the Kudamm. To those on the other side, the east side, it must have sounded like a beautiful world. Those behind the wall were caught in the endless cycle of poverty, and the thirstiness and anger it generates. Those behind the wall were controlled by a totalitarian government, and brutalized by suppression. It was to these people that President Reagan spoke. They were his targets. Then he continued speaking in the West today, we see a free world that has achieved a level of prosperity and well-being unprecedented in all human history.In the Communist world, we see failure. all the same today, the Soviet Union still cannot feed itself. After these four decades, then, there stands before the entire world one great and inescapable conclusion immunity leads to prosperity. After he has described the affluence of West Berlin, the President shows a picture of life in the Soviet Union. And that is when he slips in the subtle trace that would, most assuredly, occupy the collective consciousness of the oppressed Freedom leads to prosperity. Freedom is the product, prosperity the benefit.Reagan made German people feel that the unification was a German idea a hope that prevailed in the public opinion even while the political division existed. One Berlin was mainly a German desire, and something that foreign political friends supported. Thus, his ideas as a speaker were sustained because of this link with the audience. He also expressed the relationship through the media. Reagan maintained the German people from the East and West were linked through modern devices of communication and that in spite of ideological contention they were united in hope.All were gathered hoping to see the Brandenburg gate opened and Reagans ideas fulfilled. Speakers relationship with the audience through the exaltation of cultural qualities Emphasizing his relationship with the audience, Reag an asserted that despite the adverse political conditions there were chances to have a unified Berlin. Past political, economic, and cultural recovery opened opportunities to believe that a future unification was possible. He emphasized that the dogmatic attitude of the German people forecasted better political conditions that ultimately would consolidate and unify Germany.From devastation, from utter ruin, you Berliners have, in freedom, rebuilt a city that once again ranks as one of the greatest on earth Now the Soviets may have had other plans. But my friends, there were a few things the Soviets did not count on Berliner heart, Berliner humor, yes, and a Berliner Schnauze. The specific mention of German characteristics, associated with cultural behaviors and ideas, like humor, made German people believe that there was a connection between the speaker and the hopes that he had about Germany. Reagans audience saw a normal human being They saw themselves and friends.The manner, in which he speaks, as friends do, gives the German people a sense of fraternity. President Reagan was the most powerful man on the planet. He was a man that could speak and declare this truth, and he was a man that could encompass genuine humanness Intimidating and stern to the enemy relatable, and redeeming to his friends. Although President Reagan was an American, he has the ability to relate to the German people almost by becoming one. His reasons for coming to Germany are not only to perform his job, but for other, more selfish and human reasons.Reagan remarked how Germany was a country that emerged from adverse political, economic, and social conditions and became a productive and competitive nation. In this way, not only did he create a connection between the audience and himself by recognizing their characteristics, he also used this relation to suggest that current present characteristics would change the political conditions of the future. He created a relationship between t he audience and himself by suggesting that Germany would pass through adverse political conditions.The Conclusion Evaluating Reagans Persuasive Achievement Ronald Reagan persuaded the Germans in 1987 using a principal rhetorical took the speakers relationship with the audience. President Reagans speech was greatly successful. Establishing his purpose and duty, becoming the friend to the oppressed and free. He used German expressions that put him in a position of understanding and cooperation with the Germans. He exalted German cultural behaviors, like peoples willingness to work, in orders to gain common ground where political ideas about the unification would have been accepted.He explained how foreign countries supported a future where Eastern and Western Germany coexisted as one. This understanding created a defined identification of one political group and the possibility of espousal of the ideas of that group. This group was the West, and Reagan was its speaker he persuaded p eople to believe that the unification of Germany was possible. It is difficult to evaluate the exact degree in which Reagan persuaded German people to believe that the Brandenburg Gate would be opened again.

Virus- – Malicious Software – Introduction

Introduction This assignment will explain about todays most dangerous challenges for computing machine users, developers, professionals and all, one common step of colza on computer is malicious computer program called Virus. They have mevery different types some of them atomic number 50 do very devastating load on system and cost fortune as well. Most of the organisations have expectant challenges to overgorge such a data effecting viruses. earth agency chore is the one of the organisation which is always a treat because of there confidential data-transferring between clients and staffs, so its effecting companies net lean performances and productivity.We will see some of them and run into how we can protect systems. About There have been well said about viruses from Microsoft (2006) Computer viruses are small software programs that are designed to col from one computer to another and to interfere with computer operation. A virus might corrupt or delete data on your compu ter, use your electronic mail program to spread itself to other computers, or even erase everything on your hard disk. Computer viruses are some well written programs by programmers. They will upload on your computer or server without your information and execute without your knowledge.Some of them will corrupt or delete your important data as well as application files. An even to a greater extent they will attack on your system files, networks. They will distribute your data form one computer to another. Its depends on different kind of viruses and there own capability. History There are times when people want to destroy computers. In a time of war, a country may want to hamstring their enemy by destroying their word of honor databases (Ludwig, 1996). According to Spamlaws (2010) ,There are plenty of malicious software ,which is accomplished on computers . ostly know as viruses, spywares, trojan hourses and worms, rootkits and many other dangerous program which effect on system . As per comparisen these are different to separately other Viruses Comuter viruses make system halt or keep contatly shuting down and do damages to files so user have difficulties to access documents or any other applications. These type of virsues make such damages which can be seen. SpywareThese types of software is installed on computer without users knowladge. They will change computer settings, make computer functionality difficult to use. They will collect data from users computer and sendback to remote master of ceremonies.Capable to hack your password,financial information. Trojan hourse According to Cicso(2010), it is harmful piece of software,after it is activated,it can techy the user by popping up windows,changing desktops,damaging deleting files,staling data as well as activating and spreading viruses. WormsWorms are damaging and irritating others network than host computer, it is dangarous to sending viruses to other computers without effecting host computer. Ath ors claim,(Ianelli,Kinder and Roylo,2007)If attackers can get their malware downloaded on victims system,they can earn money by causing the system to run the pay-per-install software.Causes to Estate Agency Bussiness Unlikely other businesses Estate agency is always an attackers target because of Confidential data transfering on Internet with its clients. By virus attack it can be posible to change in important documents or companies policy,as per McAfee (2000),In 2000 ILOVEYOU virus had similarly damage to thousands of computer. Virus can make very devastating effect on Estate agencies e-mail system,which is always busy for transfering important application files (DOC,.EXL,PPT etc) between millions of computer,as per CERT (1999),In1999 Melissa virus was so powerful that it forced Microsofts and other big organisation to switch off their Email systems. Similarly Twitter worm has effected upto quarter of millions twitter accounts in Jan 2010. Suggetion for better use of computer sys tems in Estate agency ? Manage and admin all data, email system and applications centralized. ? Keep backup regularly and easily. ? Add new clause in Turms of use for exquisite use of data handling to all users. ? Install Anti-virus software that will update regularly to check all downloaded files and block new spywares.Show and prove more commitement to data warranter within organisation. ? Use more secure operating systems like UNIX, LINUX. ? Avoid downloading unsecured data software from third party clear sites or unathorized CD, DVD or external memory sticks. ? Provide technical support to staff about how to deal with such odd files or data. For example, never run executable files (. EXE) which comes with email attachments. ? It is an advantage to use malware analysis software with the email system. Conclusion Investment into Companies IT infrastructure will help to block malicious software and improve security for online communication.It can be reduce cost on system mainte nances and additional accessories like software, hardware. Staff can work more efficiently and more positively to produce better results. Customers as well more assured about data security with the organisation. They dont be worried about confidentiality of sharing personal data with the company. Satisfied customers is the most important key factor to become a successful organisation.References used in this assignment o CERT,1999, http//www. cert. org/advisories/CA-1999-04. hypertext mark-up language ( Last accessed 31/10/2010) o Cisco, 2010, What is the differenceViruses,Worms,Trojans and Bots? http//www. cisco. om/web/about/security/intelligence/virus-worm-diffs. htm l( Last accessed 30/10/2010) o Ianelli,N. ,Kinder,R. and Roylo,C. (2007) The use of malware analysis in support of law enforcement (P. ) Carnegie mellon university o Ludwig, M. A. (1996) The little black book of computer viruses (p. 11). azimuth American eagle publication. o McAfee,2000, http//vil. nai. com/vil/con tent/v_98617. htm (Last accessed 30/10/2010) o Microsoft,2006, http//www. microsoft. com/uk/protect/computer/basics/virus. mspx ( Last accessed 30/10/2010). o Spamlaws ,2010, http//www. spamlaws. com/malware-types. html ( Last accessed 01/11/2010)

A Psychology Essay on Dreams Essay

Since the dawn of mankind, man has been trenchant for the answer to besides bingle question Why do we dream? I accept strongly that the reason is not clear-cut and as easy to answer as it might seem. I theorize that dreams range in meaning and importance. When slightlyone has a dream, there are m some(prenominal) possible eccentrics of dreams they could puddle. graduation exercise of these possibilities is for a dream that involves absolutely no meaning whatsoever. The dream is meaningless and involves a chain or series of events that are unrelated to one another and may be of people or places familiar or not. These dreams are most likely created because of the flash and mixture of chemicals that totals during sleep. Many quantify these dreams are in truth so bazaar that they defend no meaning even to the dreamer. So these dreams are mostly just passed over and ignored. The second type of dream is one in which the dreamer ass comprehend everything that is termination o n but things seem to confine no meaning as before. But in some of these dreams, there are symbols that come into play. When you look at these dreams sometimes they can represent real lifetime events. Often these are predictions about what could happen in the future or are an interpretation of things that have passed.These, like almost all other dreams have significance as a result of somatic rejuvenation processes. This type of dream has a significance I believe in helping the soul have the feeling of a good sleep, where things have, if not in some bazaar way, been resolved. The third type of dream is one which makes great and perfect sense to the dreamer but doesnt have any real meaning. An example of this is pipe dream that you are flying. Although you know what you are doing, and are comprehending this, it really doesnt have meaning in your life. Dreams like this can be quite mentally satisfying to the dreamer. Many times a dream like this can be almost a form of entertainme nt to the dreamer, specially if the dreamer realizes they are dreaming. When this happens sometimes the dreamer will take control of their dream and can do things they would not normally be able to do in real life. Another type of dream is one where the dream has full meaning and the dreamer can fully realize everything that happens.Dreams like this can show exactly the way things could happen in the future, or ways of dealing with problems that will occur or have occurred. Many people believe that a dream of this kind could be an veritable depiction of the way things will happen. Many people swear to this belief. I personally do believe in this possibility. Basically, I believe that people have not even begun to realize the potential of the piece mind. I think that even with as much as we know about technology, it cannot even equalize to the power and unlimited ability of the human mind. I believe that many times, our dreams can actually be predictions about the future. Also, I personally believe that the mind can actually solve problems while in a sleep state. I know that sometimes I have gone to sleep with a problem planted in my mind, and would awaken having dreamt of an answer.Many times this would help me to more clearly anticipate the problem and resolve it. I dont really believe in any one of the theories about dreaming myself, but rather think that a mixture of all of them is true. What it comes down to is that dreaming is a chemical process that at the same time generates a side-effect that we call dreaming. But the humour itself actually will control this so that it sometimes has meaning to us. I believe that subconsciously we have areas of the brain that are in-tune to things beyond normal comprehension. These areas develop the real meaning of dreams and their significance in our lives.

Why Do Some Societies Make Disastrous Decisions?

How on earth could a monastic order make such(prenominal) an obviously disastrous decisions as to cut down all the trees on which it depended? was the incertitude that started Jared infields urge to do further research on societal collapses (392). His urge to write roughly this consequence resulted from a conversation he had about the collapse of Easter Island society. In this piece of Diamonds Why Do Some Societies Make Disastrous Decisions, he discusses past and present societies that have fallen due to their inability to handle oncoming disasters.In general, Diamonds target audience is societies. He uses various strategies to draw the subscribers attention, in hopes to warn and get enough information across for some motivation (393). After be astonished by our societal cecity today, Diamond has proposed different decision-making errors contributing to various societal collapses. Jared Diamond starts off by describing himself as a teacher for the University of California a t Los Angeles who, alike his students, is highly cause and open-minded (392).He uses these words in attempt to establish credibility from the reader. Next he draws the readers attention in by targeting our concerns using diction. Diamond repeats the questions that his students wondered about after learning about the collapse of Easter Islands society, How often did people wreak ecological damage intentionally, or at least while aware of the likely consequences? How often did people instead do it without meaning to, or out of ignorance? and If there are still people left alive a hundred old age from nowthose people of the next century will be as astonished about our blindness today as we are about the blindness of the Easter Islanders (392). As you can see, he uses phrases such as wreak ecological damage, aware of the likely consequences? Out of ignorance, and astonished about our blindness to create diction in attempt to draw attention and concern (Diamond 392).

Silence Kills, Animal Farm Essay

Haley Zrnchik Mrs. Hawkins Honors English 1, Red 1 13 December 2012 pipe down Kills In George Orwells Animal Farm, genus Benzoin, a soft-spoken donkey, finds his once peaceful home transformed into a tyrannical dictatorship led by a power-hungry pig named Napoleon. Because of Benjamins close nature, he ultimately was able to will Animal Farm into its oppression. Benjamins silence, his efficiency to follow without question, and his inability to share his wisdom with the other animals turned him into one of the main contributors to the tyrannical behavior that occurred and the loss of granting immunity and equality on Animal Farm.When someone keeps their thoughts silent, it usually allows wrong to happen in this case, Benjamin and his reserved nature is what helped to fuel the farms oppression. So when Benjamin . . . seemed to understand, but would say nothing (109) he allowed the other animals to go without knowing about Napoleons true intentions. Perhaps Benjamin sham that his silence would protect him, and that by staying silent, he was not creating more drama and instead helping to smear it. evening though Benjamin is one of the more intelligent animals on the farm, his standoffishness is what helped Napoleon lead as a dictator Benjamin . . nodded his muzzle with a knowing air (109) Benjamin had the ability to share his wisdom with the other animals on the farm. However, instead of spreading the truth about Napoleon, Benjamin kept to himself and refused to meddle in what he considered to be nonsense. Benjamin refused to voice his thoughts and because of that, he allowed his friends to die, his home to be destroyed, and his life to be turned into that of a follower. Instead of speaking up, Benjamin stillly followed the orders he was given. So while he never volunteered to do extra work, he never did less than what he was mantic to . . . ven . . . Benjamin . . . did his share (60-61) Because Benjamin did not try to overthrow Napoleon, he allowed Nap oleon to become a stronger and more influential dictator on Animal Farm. Had Benjamin not allowed himself to be turned into a follower, he most likely would have been able to prevent the farms oppression. More a lot than not, it is the followers that help to fuel a tyranny Benjamin was watching . . . silently and intently (102). Followers sit, watch, do what they are told, and they listen. While Benjamin may not have agreed with Napoleons rulings, he never objected to any of them either.Benjamin is a follower and he always will be, because even though he possesses the qualities of a leader, he doesnt have the strength, the care, or the willpower to speak up. Benjamin was always quiet soul, but when he lost Boxer, the pain in his heart besides intensified. Benjamin tried to ransom his dear friend before he was sent to the knackers but alas, he wasnt strong enough Come at once Theyre taking Boxer outside he shouted . . . Sure enough, there was a . . . van, drawn by two horses . . . And Boxers stall was set down . . . Good-bye, Boxer The animals chorused . . . Fools Fools shouted Benjamin . . . FoolsDo you not see what is written on . . . that van? . . . Alfred Simmonds, one dollar bill Slaughterer . . . They are taking Boxer to the knackers . . . But the van was already . . . drawing away from them . . . And Boxer was never seen again. After losing Boxer, Benjamin recoiled deeper into his shell of silence. Little did Benjamin realize that if he chose to rein in his anger and use it as a tool to fight against Napoleon, he probably would have been victorious. Even though he spoke in a condescending and undermining tone before, after Boxer died, Benjamin chose not to speak at all Only old Benjamin was much the same as ever . . except . . . since Boxers death, more morose and taciturn than ever (128) Benjamins growing silence caused him to become a bigger contributor to the loss of freedom and equality on Animal Farm. At this point, he wouldnt speak up Be njamin confirmed his spot as a follower and never as anything more. Sometimes silence is the deadliest weapon. Benjamin proved that by remain quiet through a time of oppression, one would only be helping to promote a leaders totalitarianism.His stubborn silence, his adamancy towards following his orders, and his taciturn attitude after the death of Boxer only stood to show that a follower sometimes can be the strongest contribution to a tyranny. Napoleons dictatorship, while strong, would not have been as successful had it not been for his followers. Benjamin and the others, while they may not have realized it, were key attributes needed to lead to the ultimate removal of freedom and equality on Animal Farm. Works Cited Orwell, George. Animal Farm With Connections. Austin, TX Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1999. Print.

Growth Strategy Analysis Of Samsung Essay

ledger entryThe Samsung Group is a multinational obscure corporation headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul, South Korea. It is the lands largest conglome come out by revenue with annual revenue of US$173.4 billion in 2008 and is South Koreas largest chaebol. The means of the Korean word Samsung is TriStar or three stars. As stated in its raw motto, Samsung Electronics vision for the new decade is, Inspire the World, Create the Future. This new vision reflects Samsung Electronics commitment to inspiring its communities by leveraging Samsungs three key strengths New Technology, Innovative Products, and Creative Solutions. and to promoting new value for Samsungs core networks Industry, Partners, and Employees. finished these parturiencys, Samsung hopes to contribute to a better world and a richer experience for all.Samsung Group formed several electronics-related divisions, such as Samsung Electronics Devices Co., Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Samsung Corning Co., and Samsung Semiconductor & Telecommunications Co., and grouped them to build upher on a petty(a)er floor Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. in 1980s. SAMSUNGs target is to acquire sophisticated technologies and efficient processes that create new securities industrys, enrich peoples lives and continue to make Samsung a indisputable market leader. Today, Samsung Electronics global presence includes a total of 111 subsidiaries in the form of carrefourion subsidiaries, sales subsidiaries, diffusion subsidiaries, research laboratories and eight overseas business divisions representing North America, Europe, China, Southeast Asia, Southwest Asia, Central and South America, CIS, the warmness East and Africa.Porters Diamond Analysis for Korea/SamsungProduct prop To build a extraordinary competitive advantage, Samsung followed a tumefy laid out product growth strategy. These strategies can be examined under (a) product life cycle (b) product footing level and (c) product diversification. Sams ung followed a reverse wander if we look from the product life cycle perspective. It started its operation in 1971 with manufacturing monochrome televisions which were in the declining salute inthe move market. It then went on to manufacture colored televisions in 1977 which had already reached the mature stage in the PLC in other markets. It tapped the videocassette recorder (VCR) and microwave ovens (MWO) in its growth stage in the market by bridging the engine room crevice and reaped revenues. In early 1990s SEC manufactured time out products such as DRAMs and digital videodisk (DVD) and entered this market in its introductory stage through agility, innovativeness and creativity.In 1992, Samsung became the market theater to many companies by being the largest producer of memory chips and second largest chip maker in the world only after Intel. Through innovation Samsung manufactured its first liquid screen debunk in 1995 and within ten years became the worlds largest liq uid-crystal display panel. Tapping the smart phone market in the growth stage, Samsung became the worlds largest phone maker by unit sales in the 2012. From the price perspective Samsung started manufacturing products that were low last of the price range and then gradually moved up to the niche end products using innovation and high end technology.Starting from low end products was a strategic choice as there was low national income and the market had limited purchasing power, the JV partners were backward to share their technology and the availability of a niche market in US for the low end models. Samsung product path choice has moved from commodity product to high end niche product market as it now captures the global market. Samsung has strategically limited its diversification in the electronics-related area only. It follows a related product diversification strategy.It started with consumer electronics and home appliances, and then moved to personal computers and peripheral s, communication equipment, semi-conductor and then mobiles. With the aim of capturing the strategic fit by sharing technology and guidance, in 1998, SEC merged with Samsung Semiconductor & Communications. In 2006, Sony & Samsung formed a JV S-LCD Corporation to co-operate and provide a stable LCD supply to two the manufacturers. These diversifications have helped Samsung get a balanced revenue structure from its products.Phase 5 Attaining technological competency whereby product and process innovation start to appear throughout the company.During this process Samsung made serious efforts to develop its own product design competence. It started to increase in-house R&D budgets and stepped up its efforts to assimilate advanced remote technologies and to develop new product. Having successfully caught up with foreign technologies for most conventional consumer-electronics products, SECs management accelerated its technological capability from reverse engineering to innovations in a dvanced consumer electronics, PCs and peripherals, semiconductors and communications equipment. To support this strategy, Samsung increase its R&D budgets. There was an accelerated gap reduction from the other major competitors of the world.The accelerated gap reduction may be attributed to the synergy effect of three divisors In-house R&D capability with a critical mass of more than 7,300 researchers. Availability of sextuple technology sources, such as licensing. Technology alliances with advanced companies, overseas research centers in advanced countries, and foreign high-tech companies owned by Samsung.Intensity of effort by management and personnel in research and product development. Samsung is one of the leaders in OLED display research and the clear leader in AMOLED production. OLED Displays are thinner, more efficient and offer better stick out flavour than LCD or Plasma displays. A lot of research is being done on Innovative WLAN technology from Samsung Electronics for the wireless business environment to remove the issues with have with the existing WLAN.Manufacturing Dimension Manufacturing system was the third dimension that the Samsung controlled. Samsung always wanted to benefit from the economies ofscale and scope. They had two strategies that is to either get vertically integrated to support the mass production of television or alternatively, depend on CKDs from joint partnership and other suppliers from Japan. The main reason for this strategy was because of the lack of capability to produce the move locally.However, Samsung soon realized that the foreign tie ups involved huge risk and transaction equals and hence decided to go with the minimally integrated manufacturing system locally. Hence Samsung built a cathode ray plant, a parts and components plant and CRT glass plant. In 1980s, a large number of independent junior-grade and medium sizes businesses mushroomed due to technology assimilation in Korea. Now, Samsung was so good in technology and quality that they could start outsourcing anywhere and anytime. The Samsung started its overseas production base. The firstlocation was the Portugal and by 1995 they had twenty bases globally which accounted to a huge economies of scale and scope. The Samsung was sensitive to the changing needs of customers and hence moved from mass production to plastic manufacturing system to accommodate a new product strategy by late 1980s. Samsung introduced in multiple product models to meet the fast changing demand of the people thereby managing shorter product life cycles and competition.In early 1990th Samsung was still perceived as a conservative manufacturer and always associated with bargains. Samsung realized that with its lowpricing strategy it can only compete in the lower market segment whereas in upscale market technology and brand are competitive means. Samsung then onwards decided to clear up the upscale market and gave up lower-market in order to exalt its brand i mage. It repositioned all series of its products such as mobile phone, consumer electronics and memory flash to upscale market. Corresponding to Samsungs new position in the market it has relatively higher price in its category.Higher pricing would bring more kale and at the same time improves the brand image. Samsung is now developing products for the Indian market and tailored to their needs. Samsung has clung to its indemnity positioning, with products that emphasized design, aesthetics and cutting-edge technology and prices that were commensurately higher. In 2005, Samsung introduced over 100 new products such as flat panel, LCD and plasma TVs, top-end refrigerators, home theatre systems, digital cameras and camcorders, MP3 players, notebook computers and mobile phones which were sold in lifestyle category. It is the market leader in LCD televisions and super-premium, side-by-side refrigerators and claims respectable market share figures in other product categories as well.The most important strategy for competitive advantage has been the principle of survival inequality, which states that cost should always be lower than price, and price should always be smaller than product value. Apart from price, some other important factor which was strategically exploited by SEC was the concept of speed management by emphasizing on good decisions and fast implementation. The company exploited the opportunities arising in the world market by making timely decisions on product development and technology acquisition ahead of its competitors, as well as shortening the time to implement for example VCRs, MWOs, and memory chips In 1970s, the most important factor for Samsungs strategy design was to create a relevant product choice.This decision was important as it would have affected 1. Technology acquisition 2. Marketability 3. Cost competitiveness To reduce its threatening profile to the technology supplier, SEC took products in the declining stage of the product life cycle. Further, to give an incentive to the technology supplier, the Joint bet on form was used, whereby parts and components would be imported in the form of CKDs from the joint venture partner. To gain market experience and overseas sales network, OEM was used. To build up its brand image, SEC chose commodity type products in the low-end price range. SEC chose massproduction as its strategy to exploit low-end commodity products in declining stage and Koreas high quality and low wage labor. This lead to a higher learning rate and steeper decrease in costs which helped reduce the prices further.

Development and Reward System

Organizations today control that employees are part of their emulous advantages. Along with effective business strategies and sufficient capital, investments for developing exceedingly skilful human resources have been part of most companies road towards success. In order to obtain this unique competitive advantage, organisational caution mustiness be able to give sufficient motivation to their employees (Creech, 1995).One of the considered approaches of management in motivating their employees is through reward system. Primarily, the goal of this melodic theme is to provide an analysis of the aims of organisation in background signal reward system. In addition, this leave alone also provide discussions of some of the trends in reward practice and the rising laws that affect employee rewards.Aims of Organisation for Setting remunerate SystemIn tender Resource Management, the employee reward policy is intended to aline employees with organizational dodge by providing ince ntives for employees to act in the firms interest and perform well over time. anticipation theory carries a clear message that employees must feel confident that their effort will affect the rewards they receive. Perceptions of equity are in that locationfore crucial in an employees decision to remain and produce valuable work.Equity is a multidimensional construct, embracing external equity (the degree to which a firm pays employees the rate they would find in the external labour market), internal equity (the degree to which a firm differentiates pay between employees on the foundation of action in similar line of reasonings), and somebody equity (the degree to which employees are rewarded proportionately to their individual cognitive process) (Dean and Snell, 1993).Because of the changing demands of performance on employees in high- velocity companies, perceptions of equity in its third forms whitethorn hold out confused, as think over roles and job interdependence become more varied and flexible. Since employees would expect that as their job changes, so will their rewards, designing reward systems in high-velocity environments presents a major challenge to organizations. In high-velocity environments, a premium is placed on individuals who are able to operate in forked circumstances and who are able to take advantage of loose job descriptions provided by their employers.Organizations in high-velocity environments are willing to pay proportionally higher salaries to individuals who have such skills. We would expect, therefore, that emphasis on respectively equitable rewards as a means of recruiting and retaining highly capable employees would be required (Gomez-Mejia and Welbourne 1990 Snell and Dean 1992).Employee Rewards insurance policy amended by the forgiving Resource Management clear be classified under three broad headings performance-contingent rewards, which explicitly reward through performance outputs job-contingent rewards, where pa y is contingent on job categorization and person-contingent rewards, in which pay is dependent on the competencies a person has (Dean & Snell, 1993). Because both output orientation and job classification may be difficult to measure accurately in high-velocity conditions, the prospect of person-contingent rewards, which may encourage the values of learning, flexibility, and creativity, would seem to be best suited to fast-changing conditions.In addition, Employee Reward Policy can be one of the greatest foundations of control available to a company in its quest to increase organizational performance and effectiveness, yet remain one of the most underutilized and potentially complex tools for driving organizational performance. The vastness and complexity of linking reward strategies to business goals in a systematic manner has been a recurrent end in the study in this field, as has the importance and difficulty of linking rewards to the longer-term view (Hambrick & Snow, 1989). I n describing the strongest level of linkage the emphasis has been placed on Lawlers (1990) description of reward processes which are capable of reinforcing the behaviours crucial to business strategy like long-term versus short-term, customer focus versus financial results.Statement EvaluationPeople do work for money, but they work all the same more for meaning in their lives. In fact they work to have fun. This statement can be evaluated using the physiological necessitate of people. Human beings have needs which can be classified as physiological, safety and security, social, esteem and status, and self-actualization. This means that although employees work because they want to ear incomes, there are still needs that should be fulfilled to ensure their heartment and happiness in what they are doing.If any of the needs is unmet, or unsatisfied a person, the individual can be motivated if provided with an opportunity to satisfy the unmet need or needs. The most motivating opport unities are the most valued. The most valued opportunities are those designed to provide blessedness of the most intense unmet needs. What needs are most intense varies from individual to individual. One persons most preponderant need may be the need to be happy (Romzek, 1989).In order to motivate and encourage the workers and employees to image their performances and to help them enjoy more of what they are doing, the employers should are giving recognition to those employees whose works is exemplary or that employee who has contributes to outstanding achievements and achievements of the mission and objectives of an organization as a whole. Rewards and recognition go a long mode to keeping employees motivated, satisfied, and committed. Management should recognize employees for both their progress toward and achievement of desired performance goals. It should show tasting for small accomplishment as well as big ones.The recognition must be current to reinforce employees need to feel that theyre doing a good job. Moreover, the best forms of recognition typically have circumstantial or no cost (Nelson, 1998). The statement just justifies the saying that people become more inclined to work when they feel that their environment likes them and appreciate the things they are doing.According to Skinner (1953), the reinforcement theory suggests the behaviors of the employees directly push the outcome of their work or their performance. Thus, an employee with a arrogant behavior will bring about positive outcomes, whereas those with negative behaviors will lead to negative results. Thus, the positive behaviors of the employees should then be reinforced by their managers so as to generate more positive outcomes.Trends in Reward PracticeBeing able to recognise the needs for highly motivated individuals, human resource management has been able to develop different ways in honour their employees. The trends in reward practice include the broadbanding and perfor mance-related pay and competency based pay or skill-based pay. This paper will focus on the broadbanding and performance-related pay. Broadbanding is a manner of reducing the number of narrow grades in a certain pay structure into a smaller number of broader bands. This reward practice is based on the view that narrow ranges cannot reward employees who have reached their range maximum but who are still performing effective. The main goal of this reward practice is to provide greater flexibility to reward the acquisition of wider skills as well as competencies without need to promote the employees in each case or situation (Payment Practices, 2008).On the different hand, the performance-related pay is a common term for various approaches to warding or rewarding discretionary payments to employees on the basis of their contribution to the company. Among this common approach include the pay awards for successful meeting work objectives or for demo work-related competences or the inte gration of the two. it can be said that each of this reward practice can be helpful for motivating and retaining skilful employees (DeWitt & Hamel, 2002).For rewards to be valued, the human resource management must see to it that the Employee Reward Policy includes the proper scheduling on when would be the most accurate time to give the rewards. loosely rewards received by an individual soon later on accomplishment of a goal, or soon after attainment of a accustomed targeted performance level, are the most valued rewards and the rewards that serve best to lay down a desire for further achievement or continued good performance, when the reward is tied to performance in time that reward is closely associated with the performance. It becomes an extension of the performance. It has real meaning because one can vividly see that it was received for performance.Laws that Affects Employee RewardsIf the employers are thinking of giving employees special rewards as incentives for having g ood attendance records, there are some legal and laws which prohibits them to do so. For instance, the royal mail introduced a reward system for supply which did not take time off sick. Under this system, employees with full attendance records will be include into a prize draw to win Ford Focus cars or holiday packages. In the cater incentive, this system can be perceived as a workable reward to let the employees background or totally avoid their absences. However, this kind of system has some serious ramifications from certain employment law. This can be attributed to the employment discrimination law (Coopers, 2005).Herein, the management of Royal mail can be given discrimination charges for disability or age. The success of these claims depends on the specific situation of employees and their needs. This discrimination of age or disability may happen if, for instance, an employee had time off associated to the age and disability and this was not taken into consideration by th e management under the reward system. Herein, there is an existing law that says that the failure of the management to book such employees absence due to age or disability related reasons can be considered as less favourable treatment. Hence, this would hinder the company to provide reward for those individual who have no absences for this would not be fair for other employees. In this regard, if the company would like to continue the reward system, they must have some list of exceptions in the reward system. In this regard, it is safer for employees to give bonuses and rewards based on the performance and not by the number of absences.ConclusionRegardless of the targeted employees, the organization today is attempting to become employers of choice. In order to become one, the management of the organization shall create an Employee reward system where potential job candidates feel that it will be an accomplishment to earn a job with the organization, and that once they have a job, the individuals performance will be rewarded.ReferenceCreech, R. (1995). Employee Motivation. Management Quarterly, 36(2), 33+.DeWitt, G. and Hamel, G. (2002). alternative Compensation Plan. Legislative Finance Committee. Online available at http//leg.mt.gov/content/publications/fiscal/interim/financecmty_june2002/broadband_report.pdf withdraw April 21, 2008.Dean, J.W. Snell, S.A. (1993). Integrated Manufacturing and Job DesignThe Moderating Effect of Organizational Inertia.Gomez-Mejia, L.R. Welbourne, T.M. (1990). The subroutine of Compensation in The Human Resource Management Strategies of High Technology Firms, in M. A. Von Glinow and S. A. Mohrman (eds.), Managing Complexity in High Technology Organizations. New York Oxford University Press.Hambrick, D.C. Snow, C.C. (1989). Strategic Reward Systems, in C. C. Snow (ed.), Strategy, Organizational Design and Human Resource Management. Greenwich, Connecticut JAI Press.Lawler, E.E. (1990). Strategic Pay. San Francisco Jossey Bass.P ayment Practices (2008. Online available http//pmf.haven gateway.org/remuneration_and_reward/pay_practices_in_the_uk. retrieve April 21, 2008.Romzek, B.S. (1989). Personal consequences of employee commitment. Academy of Management Journal, 32, 649-661Nelson, B. (1998). The Care of the Un-Downsized. familiar Management, Vol. 80, April 1998.Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior. New York Free Press.Snell, S.A. and Dean, J.W. (1992). Integrated Manufacturing and Human Resource Management A Human Capital Perspective, Academy of Management Journal, 35 467-504.Coopers, RT (2005). Employment Law Attendance Rewards Legal Ramifications. Online available http//www.uedawn.com/article.cfm/id/57087. Retrieve April 21, 2008.